摘要
先秦诸子喜欢用寓言故事来说理论事。但《庄子》中的寓言与《孟子》、《韩非子》等其它诸子著作及《战国策》、《国语》等历史著作中的寓言不同。寓言在庄子及其后学手里不仅是一种文体,更是一种智慧的诗性形式,是体"道"的艺术手段;寓言的艺术功能是"体"、"悟"而不是"比"和"喻"。在《庄子》中,"道"和寓言的关系是"非物"与"物无际"的关系,它体现的是"道"的精神和物心交融的审美情趣。《庄子》中提出一整套关于寓言理论即所谓的"卮言"、"重言"、"寓言"。"三言"的共同属性就是"顺物自然",是"道法自然"在艺术中的反映,自然的原则使道与寓言联结起来融为一体,《庄子》是诗化哲学,《庄子》寓言是"诗性智慧"的"物化"形式。
Pre-Qin thoughts schools usually use parables to illustrate things or laws. The parables in the book of Zhuangzi vary from those in books of other thoughts schools, such as Mencius, Han Feizi or those in historical works, such as Zhanguoci and Guoyu. Fables used by Zhuangzi and its students is not only a writing style, but a poetic form of wisdom, and art method of doctrines. The art function of fables is experience and comprehension, not analogy or metaphor. The relationship of doctrines and fables in the book of Zhuangzi is non-materiality and boundless of matter, which shows the aesthetic interest in the missing of doctrine spirits and matter of mind. The book Zhuangzi points out a whole system of the fable theory, such as zhiyan,repetition and fables. The common feature of the three is conform to nature, and this is the reflection in art of Dao emulates nature. The natural principles combines doctrine and fables together. The book Zhuangzi is the poetic philosophy and the fables in Zhuangzi is the formal form of poetic wisdom.
