青少年短跑运动员膝踝部损伤与安全防范对策

Knee & Ankle Injuries and Its Safety Precautions in Adolescent Speed-Runner

对27名短距离跑跳田径运动员进行为期1年的医务监督和伤病诊治,并作病例分析。发现,在118例损伤中,膝踝部损伤占46 61%。损伤还涉及肌腱及其附属组织、韧带、肌筋膜、软骨等结构。90%以上为轻度损伤,患病率无显著性性别差异。85 45%的膝、踝部损伤发生在身体训练和专项辅助训练中。认为,青少年田径运动员的膝、踝部损伤,总体上是身体条件与训练不相适应的结果。某侧肢体的损伤与不同专项技术特点中度相关,高强度训练比大运动量训练更能导致慢性损伤的发生和加重。对技术动作与训练、训练密度与节奏、训练计划与安排做出安全评价与监督,这对于处于成长期的青少年运动员是尤其重要的。

Objective:To study knee & ankle injuries in adolescent Speed-Runner, then find out some way training safely. Method:In annual training, 118 subjects of sports injuries were examined and treated carefully in 27 sprint athletes. Results:51.85% athletes were found with ankle injuries and 25.93% athletes with knee injuries. Total incidence rate of ankle and knee injuries was 46.61%, 55 cases, of which 27.9% is with ankle, 18.6% with knee. The period prevalence rate was non-significant differences in sex. Those injuries were involved tendon and its attached tissue, ligament, myofascia cartilage. Mild injuries exceeded about 90% of all. 85.45% of injuries occurred in athletic stamina training and auxiliary exercise. Conclusion:There were the less sport aptitude in Adolescent Athletes training. The certain injury of lower limbs was positive correlation with athletic techniques. Chronic injuries of knee and ankle were more regular in high-pressure training than in heavy load. It is very important for the growing Adolescent to strengthen sports medical supervision in the correct athletic technical ability and its training, in the rhythm and intermittent of exercise at athletic arena and in the planning organizing of the training.