四川不同生境稻田蜘蛛群落多样性及其影响因子分析

Analysis on the Biodiversity and Its Influential Factors of the SpiderCommunity in Rice Field of Different Habitats of Sichuan

对四川峨眉、简阳和达县3地区稻田蜘蛛进行调查的结果表明:该地区稻田蜘蛛群落有8科、19属、33种,其中以狼蛛科的种类和数量为最多,次为肖蛸、园蛛等科,蜘蛛优势种因各分布区的栖息地结构不同而有明显差异.不同生境的稻田蜘蛛群落的种类数和群体密度存在差异,各种蜘蛛分布群在群落内的比例随样地地理气候因素变化而改变,因而也导致稻田蜘蛛群落多样性参数的变化.通过对3样区的蜘蛛群落进行的生态因子考察、模糊聚类分析及对各科蜘蛛的主成分分析,可以看出温度、年降雨量、日照时数是导致蜘蛛群落多样性及其结构稳定的主要因素,并且调查区的蜘蛛群落多样性指数:峨眉>达县>简阳.

The biodiversity and the community structure of spiders have been studied in the rice field of Emei, Jianyang, Daxian of Sichuan Province. 33 species, 19 genera, and 8 families of the spiders specimens collected from the cultivated land have been identified. The results show that the main components of spider community in these areas are Lycosodae, Araneidae, Linyphiidae and Tetragnathidae. There are differences on the number of species and density of spider community in the different habitats. The proportion of the arachnid distribution groups in spider community is changeable with the result of the variation of the habitat environmental factors, which also bring about the changes of the spider community diversity parameters. It is indicated that temperature, rainfall and sunlight are the main factors of biodiversity and stability of spider community by using fuzzy cluster analysis and principal component analysis.