清代考据学的兴起与诸子学历史地位的升降

The Rising of Textual Research in Qing Dynasty and Ups and Downs of Philosophical School Theory's Historical Significance

儒学和诸子学都是构成中国传统思想文化基本的内在要素 ,长期以来尊“儒”斥“子”的文化政策使得诸子学沦为“边缘学术” ,其学说的合理性并未得到承认。乾嘉时期 ,在考证学的推动下 ,诸子学研究逐渐兴盛 ,诸子学有了回归学术主流的契机 ;道咸以后 ,随着西学东渐的影响和晚清社会危机的出现 ,儒学受到广泛的批判 ,在思想一统世界瓦解中诸子学迎来了复兴。诸子学的兴起和历史地位的改变反映了中国传统思想体系学统重建的趋势。而清代考据学在诸子学的兴起中起了至关重要的推动作用。

Philosophical Schools Theory together with Confucianism constitutes the basic inner elements of traditional Chinese culture and thought. But for a long time Philosophical Schools Theory is a 'marginal learning' and its legitimate cannot be recognized because the cultural policy obviously exalts Confucianism and debases Philosophical Schools Theory. With the support of textual research in Qian-jia reign period, gradually the study on Philosophical Schools Theory is boosted. After Dao-xian reign, with the influence of western thoughts introduced into China and emergence of social crises during late Qing Dynasty, Confucianism receives extensive criticism whereas Philosophical Schools Theory reaches its resurgence with the destruction of mental world preponderated by single thought and reconstruction of academic tradition. The resurgence of Philosophical Schools Theory embodies the trend of academic tradition's reconstruction. The Textual Research in Qing Dynasty plays a very important role during the resurgence of Philosophical Schools Theory.