论人格权的本质——兼评我国民法草案关于人格权的规定

On the Essence of Personality Right

自然人人格是由宪法赋予自然人的一般法律地位 ,不同于作为民事法律关系主体资格的权利能力。人格权为自然人获得法律强制力保障的一般法律地位从权利角度进行的表达 ,自然人直接依据宪法生而有之 ,并非由民法赋予。人格权在理论和实践中的私权化 ,系由民法形式逻辑结构需要以及团体人格的塑造等原因引起 ,反映了一种狭隘的民法实证主义观念。人格权在现代社会的发展及一般人格权的创制 ,导致私权化的人格权向宪法权利的回归。团体人格是对自然人人格在民事主体资格意义上的模仿 ,法人不享有人格权。

The nature person personality is the general legal status vested to a nature person by constitution, thus it differs from the so-called right ability, which is the qualification of being a subject of civil legal relationship. Nature persons acquire their personality rights on the ground of constitution rather than the civil law, though in the practice and theory, the personality right becomes a private right gradually. This is mainly because of the necessity of formal logical structure of civil law and the shaping of organization personality, which reflects a narrow civil positivism view. The development of personality right in the modern society and the creation of general personality right should lead it revert towards the constitutional right. Anyway, the organization personality right is just the imitation of nature person personality right in the sense of the qualification of being a subject of civil legal relationship, so legal persons do not have personality right.