华北平原极端气候条件对小麦产量影响研究

Study on Influences of Extreme Climatic Condition to Wheat Yield in HuaBei Plain

通过对冬小麦极端气象年份的气候特征与小麦地上部生理性状特征进行分析比较认为,气候对小麦一生的影响分3个阶段:返青前基础气候期、返青期气候期、灌浆气候期。在小麦生理性状的表现上以扬花期为分水岭分2个阶段,前期主要形成分蘖,分化小花、小穗,决定产量构成的亩穗数和穗粒数;后期表现干物质的有效积累,确定粒数、粒重,从而构成产量的三大因素:亩穗数、穗粒数和粒重。因此,在气候异常年份,改进播种制度,根据气候调控亩播量,可间接调控亩穗数,有效提高产量。

By analyzing the climatic characters in the extreme climatic year and the physiological characteristics of the overground part of winter wheat,this paper believes that the effect of climate on wheat growth is divided into three stages:the basic climate stage before revegetation , revegetation to anthesis climate stage,grouting climate stage.Wheat physiological characters show two stages by the dividing line of anthesis.In prophase,it mainly forms tillerings,differentiates the floscules and small heads,forms the base of heads number and grains number.In anaphase,it mainly accumulates effectively dry substance ,makes certain the grains number and grains weight ,so we can confirm the three yield factors,that is,heads number,grains number and grain weight.This paper believes that in the climatic extreme year,improving the seed system,adjusting and controling seeding rate by climate can control the heads number indirectly and improve the winter wheat yield.