用光栅衍射研究原子能级的精细结构

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS BY MAKING USE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GRATING DIFFRACTION

本文简要阐述了原子能级精细结构的产生机理 ,即电子的“自旋—轨道耦合”是产生原子能级精细结构的根本原因 ;在此基础上 ,文章介绍了用分光计、光栅等常规仪器 ,采用光栅衍射原理来研究光谱的精细结构 ,从而达到研究原子能级精细结构的目的。另外 ,笔者还用钠的黄光双谱线对该原理进行了验证 。

The paper briefly discusses the forming of the principles of the fine structure of atomic energy levels;in other words,the electronic spin-orbit coupling is the radical reason for the formation of atomic energy levels.Based on these principles,to achieve the aim of studying the fine structure of the atomic energy level,the paper also introduces such devices as spectrometer and grating diffraction and the principles of grating diffraction to study the fine structure of optical spectrum.Moreover,not only does the author test these principles by applying double yellow spectral lines of natrium,but mensurates the fissure of the corresponding fine structure of the atomic energy level of the double yellow spectral lines sent out by mercury.