中国杨树杂交育种研究进展

Progress on Hybridization Breeding of Poplar in China

对我国 5 0余年杨属派内和派间杂交育种研究进行了综述。在众多的杨树杂交组合中 ,派内种间杂交以白杨派、黑杨派成就显著 ,派间杂交以青杨派与黑杨派杂交成果最为突出。从杂交方式看 ,有单交、双交、三交、回交等 ,以杂种作亲本进行再杂交能够获得显著杂种优势 ;从育种目标看 ,有速生、抗寒、抗旱、抗病虫、窄冠、生根等 ;从育种方法看 ,以常规人工杂交为主 ,将常规人工杂交与物理辐射、化学诱导等技术有机结合 ,能够创造出生产潜力较大的三倍体新品种。选育的杨树良种已在生产中产生了巨大的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。最后 ,对目前我国杨树杂交育种中存在的主要问题以及应对策略进行了讨论。

The advance in the intrasection and intersection cross breeding of poplar in China over the past fifties years is reviewed. Great progress has been made in Section Leuce and Aigeiros,and the best effect of intersection hybridization is the crossing between Section Tacamahaca and Aigeiros. From the view of the modes of hybridization,there are monohy brid cross,double hybrid cross,poly cross,backcross et al. It has proved that using hybrids as parents to cross other species or hybrids is an effective and easy way to obtain heterosis. Fast growth,cold resistance,drought resistance,pest and disease resistance,narrow crown and rootage et al are the breeding goals.From the sight of breeding method,the routine artificial crossing is a main method,and the right combination of the routine artificial crossing with physical radiation and chemical induceing can creative new triploid individuals which have higher yield potential.The super clones cultivated have produced enormous benefit in practice.The problems existed and the countermeasures that should be taken in poplar hybridization breeding at present in China are also discussed in this paper.