内蒙古河套平原盐碱土耐盐优良牧草引种及改土效益研究

BENEFITS OF INTRODUCTION OF SALT-TOLERANT FORAGE CULTIVARS INTO HETAO PLAIN SALINO-ALKALI SOILS, NMAR

在内蒙古河套平原以硫酸盐、氯化物和氯化物—硫酸盐或硫酸盐—氯化物为主的中度和重度盐碱地上试种星星草等18种牧草的结果表明,星星草、碱茅、鹅头稗、野大麦耐盐性最强,在以硫酸盐为主区(表土层含盐量5%左右、pH值9.0左右)和以氯化物为主黑油盐土区(表土层含盐量3%左右、pH值8.0左右)的弃耕重盐碱地,秋季深翻熟化土壤,春季播种后结合灌水,出苗率可达80～90%,保苗率均在96%以上;同时,改良盐碱土效益比较显著,种植四年之后0～15厘米表土层含盐量普遍降低70%左右。证明这几种牧草可在巴盟河套灌区大面积种植。

In Hetao plain,we seeded eighteen cultivars of salt-hardiness forage crops such as alkaligrasses(Puccinellia tenuiflora/p. chinampossis)and legumes in the heavy/less heavy salino-alkali soils of sulphates and chlorides for years. The results of our experiments show that cultivars of alkaligrasses,useful barnyardgrass(Echinochloa utilis) and drill-shaped barley(Hordeum brevisubulatum) are the finest tolerants in our plots. In the area where soils are rich in sulphates(salts about 5% in the A-horizon with pH9. 0 more or less),their seeding rates can reach 80～90% and with plant rates above 95% as well as in the area where soils are rich in chlorides. Such soils must be plowed in fall and irrigated in spring. After four years,the salt contents in the surface soil of heavy salino-alkali wastelands in this area can decrease about 70%. By means of improvement,the change of the soil tested is notable. We are confident that forage cultivars experimented can be extended in Hetao irrigotion areas.