草木樨等三种饲草生态适应性及生产力的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITIES AND PRODUCTIVITIES OF THREE LEGUME PASTURE CROPS

通过三种饲草(草木樨、箭舌豌豆、毛叶苕子)地理分期播种的研究,初步得出:草木樨喜温凉、耐寒、耐旱、抗一定高温,生长盛期干物质累积需较高温度(20～30℃);箭舌豌豆和毛叶苕子喜凉、耐寒、不耐高温。三种饲草均以春播生长状况为好,尤其是春播草木樨对气候资源的利用效率及能量、粗蛋白质产出高;草木樨的适割期在覆盖地面(覆盖土地面积的80％)后20～30天,箭舌豌豆在盛花后10～20天,毛叶苕子在盛花后0～30天。

Experiments were carried out to study the ecological adaptability of pasture crops (Sweetclover——Melilotus suvaveolens, Common Vetch——Vicia saliva and Hairy vetch/Russian vetch——Vicia/Villosa)by means of geographic sowing by stages. The main conclusions are as follows: Sweet clover is a coolphilic, cold—tolerant, drought—enduring and heatresistant plant. It needs some high temperature (20～30℃)afterground covering. Hairy vetch and Common vetch are coolphilic, cold—tolerant, drought—enduring ones. Each of the three pasture crops when it was seeded in spring hashigher dry matter production than those seeded in summer,especiallg sweetclover. Spring seeded Sweetclover has the highest efficiency in using the climatic resources, and highest energy out put and crude protein productivity. The best cutting dates are those 20～30 days after the crop covered the ground for Sweetclover, 10～20 days after flowering for the Hairy vetch,and 0～30 days after flowering for the Common vetch.