禾本科牧草耐盐性的研究

STUDIES ON THE SALT-TOLERANT FORAGE GRASS CULTIVARS

本文选用发芽期和苗期10个耐盐指标,通过聚类分析法对18个禾本科牧草品种的耐盐性进行了综合评价,并在山东盐碱地上对其耐盐性进一步试验证实。试验结果表明,供试18个禾本科牧草品种中奥比特高冰草、马丁苇状羊茅、法雷杰苇状羊茅、林肯无芒雀麦和北美雀麦为耐盐品种;吉林无芒雀麦、新疆无芒雀麦、锡盟无芒雀麦、呼盟无芒雀麦、卡尔顿无芒雀麦、俄罗斯野麦草、诺登沙生冰草和鸭茅为中等耐盐品种;米梅草地羊茅、牛尾草和酋长中间冰草为中等敏感品种;里瓦尔虉草和卡斯托虉草为敏感品种。建议在黄淮海平原较重盐碱地上(土壤全盐量0.4～0.7%)推广种植五个耐盐品种,在黄淮海平原中等和较轻的盐碱地上(土壤全盐量0.2～0.4%)推广种植八个中等耐盐品种。

Eighteen salt-tolerant grass cultivars were studied through experiments in germination stage and seedling stage and through tests in saline soils in Shandong province.A comprehensive appraisal of the salt-tolerance of these grass cultivars was made by the cluster analysis.The re- sults indicate that the tall wheathrass“Orbit”,the tall rescue“Martin”and“Forage”,the smooth bromegrass“Lincoln”and the prairie bromt grass“86-307”are salt-tolerant;that the smooth bromegrass“Jilin”,“Xinjiang”,“Ximen”,“Humen”and“Calton”,the Russian wildrye “86-388”,the creasted wheatgrass“Nordan”and the orchard grass“85-6'are the cultivars with moderate salt tolerance;that the intermediate wheatgrass“Chief”,the meadow rescue “Mimer”,and that of“86-19”are medium salt sensitive;while the reed canary grass“Liwar” and“Castor”are the salt sensitive cultivars.It is suggested that five salt-tolerant cultivars can be planted in the heavy saline soils(0. 4～0.7% total salt content),eight medium salt-tolerant cultivars can be planted in the medium and light saline soils(0.2～0.4% total salt content)in the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe plain of northern and eastern China.