声纳换能器的新进展

Recent developments of sonar transducers

换能器对整个声纳系统的性能有很大影响。随着科学技术的迅速发展 ,水声换能器在分析方法、设计理论、材料和制作技术上都有了很大的发展 ,从而使换能器性能有了很大提高。超磁致伸缩稀土换能器、高性能电致伸缩陶瓷换能器、压电复合材料换能器、矢量水听器、低频大面积PVDF水听器、光纤水听器等是当前换能器研究的热点 ,文章回顾了 2 0世纪 80年代以来 。

Transducers or hydrophones have great influence on sonar performances. As techniques progress rapidly, sonar transducers have been improved significantly in terms of analyzing methods, design theories, and materials used, leading to substantial improvements in the transducer performance. Terfenol-D transducers, PMN-X transducers, piezo-composite transducers, vector hydrophones, low-frequency and wide-area PVDF hydrophones, and fiber-optic hydrophones are some of the current research focuses. This paper reviews the recent advances in sonar transducers, specifically the above-mentioned types developed since 1980s.