从“应试教育”转向素质教育的经济学解释

Transition form "Examination-targeted Education" to "Competence-emphasized Education": An Economic Perspective

教育通过提高人们的生产能力和配置能力来影响经济,但这两种能力在不同的经济环境下具有不同的经济价值。计划经济时期更需要生产能力,为此“应试教育”应运而生。我国现在处于非均衡的市场经济条件,配置能力更加短缺,因此必须实行素质教育。从“应试教育”转向素质教育有赖于计划经济向市场经济的转变,需要对配置能力提供更大的经济激励,同时,还必须大力加强人文社会科学教育。

Education influences economy by improving human beings' capacities of production and allocation, but the economic value of the above capacities varies in different economic environments. Since productive forces were needed in the period of planned economy, 'examination-targeted education' emerged as the times required. Today, China is in the period of non-balanced market economy which suffers shortage of allocation capacity, and competence-emphasized education must be offered. The transition from 'examination-targeted education' to competence-emphasized education relies on the transfer from planned economy to market economy and requires more economic inspiration. At the same time, more energetic efforts have to be made to strengthen humanistic education.