企业安全管理群体行为与动力理论探讨

Theoretical Discussion of Group Behavior and Group Motivation in Safety Management of Enterprises

企业职工个体总是存在于某个群体之中 ,为了适应群体和群体环境 ,个体的安全行为与其单独行动时的行为有所不同。笔者首先讨论了群体的概念、特征和类型 ;然后给出了安全管理群体行为的概念 ,即群体行为主体在该群体组织内进行的与安全生产有关的活动就是安全管理的群体行为 ,以及安全管理群体行为的特征(群体行为的规律性、群体行为的可测量性、群体行为的可划分性、群体行为对个体的影响性 ) ;最后论述了安全管理中的群体动力理论和群体动力对职工安全行为的影响 ,包括对安全绩效的社会促进与促退作用、安全社会标准化倾向。

The individual worker in an enterprise belongs always to a group. In order to adapt himself to the group and group circumstance, his safety in-grou p behaviors are not the same when he is alone. First, the concept, characteristi cs and types of group are discussed, and then the concept and characteristics of group behavior in safety management are provided. Finally, the theory of group motivation in safety management and the impact on the workers' safety behaviors by group motivation are discussed, including the effect of social encouragement and social disencouragement about safety performance, the tendency of safe socie ty standardization, group pressure and grouping behaviors.