对“中药材生产质量管理规范”中某些条款的商榷

A Discussion on Some Clauses of "Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) of Chinese Medicinal Materials

目的:使“中药材生产质量管理规范”更加趋于完善。方法:从GAP产生的历史原因入手,应用生态学原理、方法,结合应用“中药材生产质量管理规范”的实际情况进行讨论。结果:“中药材生产质量管理规范”中存在少数不完善的条款。结论:(1)建议将第一条修订为:为保护生态环境、规范中药材生产,保证中药材质量,促进中药标准化、现代化,制定本规范。(2)建议将第十二条修订为:根据药用植物的营养特点、土壤的供肥特点及农田生态系统的容量和自净力大小,确定施肥种类、时间、数量和方法,施用肥料的种类以有机肥为主,根据不同药用植物物种生长发育的需要及农田生态系统的要求有限度地使用化学肥料。(3)建议在GAP中对药食两用的中药材应按绿色食品的要求进行分类(AA级与A级),并在相关章节条款中注明其生产要求,使之与绿色食品相统一,便于生产者掌握并与国际接轨。

Objective: To make GAP of Chinese medicinal materials all the better. Method: To carry on a discussion by analyzing the historical reasons of the birth of GAP and making use of ecological principles and methods and in combination of the practical condition in the implementation of GAP. Result: A few clauses exist in the GAP. Conclusion: (1) It is suggested that the first clause should be amended as: To formulate this GAP in the aim of protecting ecological environment, standardizing the production and guaranteeing the quality Chinese medicinal materials and the promotion of the standardization and modernization of Chinese medicines; (2) It is suggested that the twelfth clause should be revised as: The varieties, time, quantity and methods of fertilization should be decided according to the characteristics of the nutrition of medicinal plants, the characteristics of fertilizer supply by soils, as well as the volume and power of self -purification of the ecosystem of farmland. Organic fertilizers should be mainly applied and the application of chemical fertilizers should be restricted on the basis of different requirements in the growth and development of different medicinal plants and according to the demand of the ecosystem of farmland; (3) It is suggested that Chinese medicinal crops used for both medicines and food should be classified in GAP according to the requirements of green food (grade AA and A ) and the requirements of their production be noticed in chapters and sections and in clauses concerned so as to realize their agreement with the requirements of green food, facilitate the application of producers and accord with the international standards in this field.