明代兵制与济宁“卫所”的设置及演变

Ming Dynasty's Military System & Establishment and Evolution of Jining's Wei Suo

“卫所”是明代军队的基层织组。洪武时 ,济宁设有济宁卫、济宁左卫和兖州鲁王府护卫。景泰元年 ,济宁左卫调往临清 ,改称临清卫 ,而屯田和屯田军仍在济宁。嘉靖十八年 ,兖州护卫分改任城卫。清初 ,裁卫设县。承有漕运任务的济宁“卫所”保留未变 ,改隶漕运总督 ;从卫指挥至千、百户等官全裁 ,另设守备、千总 ,分理屯务和领运管河。光绪二十八年 ,因漕粮改由海运 ,屯卫弁丁及职官全部被裁撤 ,漕运屯田至此废止。

Wei Suo,or Defence administration,was a grass-root smilitary organization in the Ming Dynasty. During the reign of ZhuYuanzhang,Jining Guard Office,Jining Guard Office (left) and LordLu's Government Guard Office in Yan Zhou. In the first year of Jingtai(1450),Jining Guard Office (left) was transferred into Lin Qing and renamed Lin Qing Guard Office while the soldiers were still stationed in Jining. In the 18th year of Jia Jing (1540),the Guard Office in Yan Zhou was re-established as that of Ren Cheng. In the early years of Qing Dynasty County replaced the Guard Office,but the Guard Office in Jining,which was responsible for canal shipping,remained unchanged and was under the leadership of the Governor in change of canal shipping.The Guard Commander,Thousand Households and Hundred Households took the full responsibility while garrison took charge of and Chief of Thousand Households took charge of the canal. In the 28 th year of GuangXu(1903),grains began to be transported by sea route,all soldiers were dismissed and canal shipping garrison was therefore withdrawn.