森林土壤碳氮过程研究现状和展望

Advances and Prospect for Carbon and Nitrogen Process in Forest Soil

土壤是碳和氮的重要贮存库 ,土壤碳氮转化是陆地上最为重要的生态系统过程之一。森林土壤中碳、氮过程是森林生态系统中物质循环与能量交换的关键。森林凋落物的分解、森林土壤碳氮的矿化是森林土壤最主要的碳氮过程。在微生物作用下 ,土壤与大气交换含碳氮物质 ,则是土壤碳氮过程的直接反应 ,也是影响到土壤碳氮过程和土壤碳氮库动态的主要方面。然而 ,从大尺度上探讨森林植被恢复过程中土壤碳氮过程的分异机理 ,研究典型植物群落土壤碳氮过程特征及探索森林土壤碳氮过程与植被的互动机制及关键植物种群对土壤碳氮过程的影响 ,研究土壤碳氮过程有关的土壤微生物和土壤酶及其与全球变化的关系等内容还未见报道 ,认为这些内容将是未来的研究重点。同时 ,随着科学技术的发展 ,各种新的技术如 3S技术和电子传感器技术等将会很快应用于森林土壤碳氮过程的研究。

Soil is one of the important pools for storing carbon and nitrogen. The transition of carbon and nitrogen in soil is one of the significant ecological process on the earth.The carbon and nitrogen processes in forest soil is the key processes of substance circulation and energy exchange in forest ecosystem. The decomposition of forest litterfall and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in forest soil are the main carbon and nitrogen process in forest soil. The exchange of greenhouse gases such as CO 2?CH 4?N 2O between forest soil and atmosphere can affect the dynamic of soil carbon and nitrogen pools and soil carbon and nitrogen process directly. The researches on these fields of carbon and nitrogen processes in forest soil on a large scale would be the hotpoints, such as differentiation mechanism of soil carbon and nitrogen process during the restoration process characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen process in typical phytocoenosium, influence of key plant population on carbon and nitrogen process in forest soil, interaction between vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen process, soil microbiology and enzyme related to soil carbon and nitrogen process and its relationship with global change. Meanwhile, new techniques, for example, Global Positioning System, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and Electronicsensor technology, would be applied in the researches of soil carbon and nitrogen processes in forest soil.