土壤水分胁迫与调控对冬小麦生育指标的影响

Effect of soil water stress and control on upgrowth indexes of winter wheat

针对干旱地区有限水资源和发展节水灌溉实际,采用田间试验方法探讨了土壤水分胁迫与调控对冬小麦矿质营养吸收、干物质累积、产量形成和籽粒营养品质等的影响.试验结果表明:在冬小麦各个生育期,土壤水分胁迫与调控均会影响冬小麦对矿质营养的吸收和干物质累积等;各个生育期相应的土壤水分胁迫指标(占田持的百分比),苗期为60%,返青期为60%,拔节—抽穗期为65%,抽穗—灌浆期为65%,灌浆—成熟期为55%;水分胁迫对冬小麦籽粒的N,P,K,蛋白质,粗脂肪和淀粉等营养品质的影响不大,苗期、灌浆—成熟期水分胁迫对产量的影响最小,而拔节—抽穗期水分胁迫对产量的影响最大,故拔节—抽穗期为冬小麦缺水敏感期,水分胁迫应尽量避免.

In consideration of the limited water resources and the reality of water-saving irrigation development in arid areas, field experiments are performed for study of the effect of soil water stress and control on the mineral nutrient intake, dry matter accumulation, yield, and quality of winter wheat. Some conclusions are drawn: soil water stress and control have certain effects on the mineral nutrient intake, dry matter accumulation, and so on during different upgrowth periods of winter wheat; the soil water content stress indexes (percentage to field water holding capacity) are 60%, 60%, 65%, 65%, and 55% for the seedling stage, regreen stage, jointing-earing stage, earing-filling stage, and filling-ripening stage respectively; the soil water stress has little influence on the nutrient quality of N, P, K, protein, coarse fat, and amylum of winter wheat grain; the soil water stress has the least influence on the yield at the seedling stage and filling-maturing stage, but the influence is the most obvious at the jointing-earing stage, therefore, it is a sensitive stage for water shortage of winter wheat, and the soil water stress should be avoided.