原始闽语中的清弱化声母和相关的“第九调”

A dissent over the reconstruction of voiceless softened initials and the"Ninth Tone"in Proto-Min

本文不同意罗杰瑞原始闽语的构拟,认为闽北方言石陂话中来自古清声母的浊音并非由原始闽语清弱化声母演变而成,而是借入吴方言中因壮侗语声母[?b?d?dz?g]影响而生成的浊音的结果。这类声母的特点是吸气,因此只和《切韵》中帮端精见四个全清声母相对应。相关的"第九调"等也不是"清浊交替"或浊音中附带成分的产物,而是声母浊音的影响导致声调分化的结果。

This paper dissents from the reconstruction by Norman(1973 & 2000)of softened initials inProto-Min,and offers a new explanation to the relevant data in Northern Min Dialects.It arguesthat,the voiced initials corresponding to the Medieval quanqing(全清,i.e.,voiceless unaspirate)in the Northern Min Dialect Shibe(石陂),are not the evidences for voiceless softened initials ofProto-Min,but the elements borrowed from some Wu Dialects,where the medieval quanqing hadchanged into voiced ingressive initials ?b ?d ?dz ?g because of the Zhuang-Dong substratum.Onlythe source of this external substratum can explain why the correspondence of this type of initials isrestricted to Bang(帮)、Duan(端)、Jing(精)、Jian(见)among the medieval quanqing.Fromthis point of view,the related'Ninth Tone'and other features can also be explained as the result ofa tonal split just according to voiceless vs.voiced initials,rather than the morphological alternation(as Huang 2001 claimed),or the breathy release with initials(as Handel 2003 claimed).