河西荒漠绿洲区草地农业发展技术研究——以民勤绿洲为例

Grassland agriculture research in the Hexi desert oasis region —— A case study of Minqin oasis

通过对民勤绿洲自然、社会、经济现状的分析评价,引进并筛选出了适应性强、光能利用率和产草量高、营养全面、饲用价值高、适宜河西荒漠绿洲区栽培的兰热莱恩德(RangerLander)、凯恩(Kane)、新疆和田大叶3个紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)品种。在民勤绿洲灌溉条件下,年刈割4茬,年灌水3000m3/hm2,种植第3年分别取得18793,12953,14688kg/hm2的干草产量和3535,2474,3114kg/hm2的粗蛋白产量;光能利用率达1.77%,1.22%,1.38%。并组建草畜产业生产基地,进行了苜蓿人工草地建植、节水丰产栽培、产业化生产、改良土壤、培肥地力及种草养畜的配套技术研究、示范与推广。形成了以苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草等草产品和小尾寒羊种羊及肥羔生产为格局的草畜产业,实现了苜蓿和家畜生产2个"S"型生长曲线的高效耦合,建立了干旱荒漠区特有的草地农业发展模式。指出只有建立草地农业系统,发展以苜蓿产业为主的节水型现代草地农业,才是干旱荒漠区可持续发展的关键。

Based on analysis and evaluation of the current natural, social and economic situations in the Minqin desert oasis, 8 alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) varieties were introduced, including Ranger Lander, Kane and Xinjiang alfalfa. These three varieties were selected, having strong adaptability, high use efficiency of light radiation, high yield, comprehensive nutrition, high feed value, and suitability for cultivation in the Hexi desert oasis region. In the Minqin oasis, having cut 4 times in the third year after establishment, irrigated at 3 000 m^3/hm^2, hay yields were 18 793,12 953, and 14 688 ( kg/hm^2), and crude protein (CP) yields were 3 535, 2 474, and 3 114 ( kg/hm^2), for these three varieties respectively. Use efficiency of light radiation was 1.77%, 1.22%, and (1.38%), respectively. A production base for the forage livestock industry was established, and research, demonstration and extension carried out on establishing alfalfa pasture, high yielding water efficient cultivation, industrialized production, improving soil moisture and conditions, and forage growing and raising livestock. A structured forage livestock industry was formed combining goods including alfalfa meal and hay, and fat-lamb production using small-tailed han sheep tupping rams, realizing highly efficient coupling of the alfalfa and livestock production “S” shaped logistic curves, establishing a particular pastoral agriculture development pattern for desert regions. Developing pastoral agriculture with water-economising alfalfa is key to sustainable development in the Hexi desert oasis region.