水稻抗褐飞虱基因的研究

Research progress on brown planthopper resistance genes in rice

评述了水稻抗褐飞虱基因研究的进展。褐飞虱在热带越冬 ,每年 4～ 8月逐代北迁 ,是我国分布最广、为害最重的稻作害虫。褐飞虱栖息于稻丛基部 ,以刺吸式口器吸食韧皮部汁液 ,严重时稻田成片枯萎 ,造成减产甚至失收。褐飞虱也是一些水稻病毒病的传播媒介。在水稻抗褐飞虱基因研究中通常采用人工接虫方法鉴定材料的抗虫性 ,以达到大批量、指标量化和可重复的要求。常用的方法有苗期集团鉴定、虫口密度及产卵量测定、蜜露量测定等。褐飞虱种群中有生物型的变异。在抗虫品种抗性的选择压力下 ,褐飞虱群体致害性会发生变化 ,经多次传代后可转变为能致害该抗虫品种的新的生物型。水稻抗褐飞虱基因的研究始于 2 0世纪 70年代初 ,至今已命名了 10多个主效基因 ,并鉴定了重要的QTL。通过分子标记分析 ,一些抗褐飞虱基因已被定位。克隆水稻的抗褐飞虱基因是下一阶段研究的关键课题。

Progresses in research on brown planthopper resistance gene in rice are reviewed in this paper. Brown planthopper is one of the most severe pests of rice crop over the world. Brown planthopper overwinters in the tropics and immigrates to the temperate rice regions. Insects of brown planthopper gather at the base part of rice plant and suck assimilates from the phloem. When the rice variety is susceptible, hopper burn usually is resulted. Brown planthopper is also the vector for several rice virus diseases. In experiments on resistance gene, the phenotypes are evaluated by artificial test to get repeatable results. The commonly used evaluation methods include the standard seedbox screening technique,tiller seedbox screening technique, and honey dew test. Under the selection pressure of resistant variety for several years, a new biotype of brown planthopper comes out that can overcome the resistance of the variety. Exploring new resistance gene is critical for developing resistant rice variety. Up to now, hundreds of resistant germplasm have been screened for brown planthopper resistance and more than 10 of major resistance genes and many QTL have been detected. There are many papers that report mapping of brown planthopper resistance genes by molecular markers. In the future, isolation of brown planthopper resistance genes will be most important subject in the future.