禽流感病毒与人类禽流感

AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES AND THEIR INFECTIONS IN HUMANS

禽流感病毒属甲型流感病毒,主要引起禽类流感。1997年首次证明禽流感病毒(A/Hong Kong/156/97)H5N1亚型可感染人,其后在我国内地、香港及荷兰等地又至少发生了5起禽流感病毒的人间感染。目前,禽流感病毒正在我国及亚洲部分地区肆虐,已造成很大的经济损失和社会影响,禽流感已成为严重危害人类健康的新发传染病。本文拟就禽流感病毒的基因特征、致病性及特异检测等方面的进展做一综述。

Classified into genus influenzavirus A of Orthomyxoviridae, avian influenza viruses are mainly responsible for avian influenza. Until 1997, when human infections with avian influenza H5N1 virus (A/Hong Kong/156/97) were i-dentified for the first time in Hong Kong, avian influenza viruses were thought to be limited in their ability to directly infect humans. At least 5 outbreaks of human infections with either avian influenza viruses H5N1, H9N2 or H7N7 have occurred worldwide since then. The viral subtype of the current epidemic in China and some other Asian countries remains H5N1, and has caused nearly 30 people dead. Obviously, this pandemic avian influenza in humans has become a new e-merging infectious disease with great threat to public health. In this present review, the author summarizes the recent progress on genomic structure, pathogenicity, and specific detection of the emerging infectious agents.