都市漂泊与生存奋挣的不同价值定位——论20世纪90年代的“流浪汉小说”

Different Definition of Value on Tramping in the Metroplis and Survival Struggling —On the Tramps Novel of the 90's of the 20th Century

中国的"流浪汉小说"是随着20世纪90代的社会转型而兴盛的。都市寻梦者的心路历程是以自我价值的积极追寻为起点,经由欲海漂泊的窘迫和迷茫,以价值理想的扭曲及其悲剧结局而告终;"剩余劳动力"是在自我被动否定的起点上,经由观念的内在冲突和人生的曲折追求,达到喜剧性的自我价值确证的人生目标;身心无根漂浮的都市下层"玩家"的人生轨迹,则是以否定性的社会角色为起点,经由物质生存的奋挣,终因价值目标的先天性局限而再度跌到否定性的人生起点上。由此反映出作家对都市流浪汉的价值定位的差异。

With the transition of society in the nineties tramps novel emerged in China. The group of tramps mainly includes three categories of characters: city dreamer, surplus labor force, and metropolis hippie. The mind journey of city dreamer's begins with pursuing the self-value positively, experiences the predicament and confusion from boiling desires, ends with the distorted idea of value and tragedy; The life of surplus labor force begins with passive self-deny, and experiences the internal conflict of the concepts and tortuous pursue of life, and achieves the comedy life goal which verifies the self-value. The life of low-level hippies in cities is based on a negative social role, experiences with the struggle of material for living, and goes back to the negative role because of the internal limitation of value goal. This article reflects the differences among the values of tramps defined by the writer. The writer emphasizes the boiling desires causing distortion and alienation in personality, or advocates pursuing individual self-value and individual freedom, or confirms the leading function of life goal and the conception of self-value through negative stories.