浅谈明末清初的功过格与不费钱功德例

Brief Talk on the Spiritual Account Books and Non-money Beneficence Examples between Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty

17世纪初的中国社会动荡不安,社会矛盾层出不穷。为了缓和这样的紧张局面,政府与民间社会采取了救灾济贫、养老恤孤等一系列措施,以救助社会中相对弱势的群体;与此同时,一些地方上的乡绅和士人阶层大量编撰善书,以教化民众,提高他们的道德水准,维持地方安定。明末清初,善书在民间流行,其中以功过格流传较为广泛。功过格中蕴涵了丰富的善的思想,尤其是专门为中下层民众设计的“不费钱功德例”,极大地扩展了劝善对象的范围,使慈善思想更为深入人心。

At the beginning of 17th,Chinese social surrounding was turbulent, and social contradiction come trick and fast.To relax the tense situation,government and non-government organization took a series of countermeasures,such as poor relief,providing for the aged and commiserating orphans to help the weak in society.At the same time,some local gentlemen and educated men compiled a lot of Books of Persuading of Beneficence to teach people,improve their moral level and keep locality stable.Books of Persuading of Beneficence were popular among the people.Spiritual Account Books were spread far and wide among them. It included rich ideology of beneficence,especially 'Non-money Beneficence Examples'designed for people of lower class.It broadened the objects range to strike beneficence ideology in the heart of people.