近代中国政党的发轫——谈清末立宪运动下的组党试验

The Emergence of Chinese Political Parties:On Experiments of Organizing Parties during the Movement of Constitutionlism toward the End of the Qing Dynasty

对政党这一新生事物从排斥到逐步接纳、最终完全归依的历程贯穿着整个二十世纪中国政治变迁的进程。本文尝试从发生学的角度对清末立宪运动背景下政党的孕育、产生及历史地位进行较为全面的梳理 ,从制度保障、政党理念的输入与传播、政治训练、政党主体的构成等角度 ,较为详细地勾画出中国最早政党生成的过程 ,强调清末社会的宪政追求是政党创生的强大助力 ,清末立宪运动是政党产生的制度温床。

The process from exclusion to gradual acceptance of political party as a new thing and finally to complete conversion runs through China's political changes throughout the 20 th century. From the perspective of embryology, this paper attempts to make a comprehensive survey of the breeding, emergence and historical role and from such perspectives as of system guarantee, the import and spread of political party idea, political training and political party mainstay. This paper draws a detailed outline of the birth and growth of the earliest Chinese political parties, emphasizing the fact that the pursuit of constitutionalism towards the end of the Qing Dynasty was the strong booster to the emergence of political parties while the movement of constitutionlism provided the breeding ground for the emergence of political parties.