试论商品价格的确定及经济剩余

On the determination of commodity's price and economic surplus

针对商品价格取决于商品价值这一传统的劳动价值论观点,从简单的商品交换模型入手,分析得出:商品的价格既决定商品生产者所耗费的劳动时间即价值,也决定于购买者对商品使用价值即效用的评价。以这一结论为基础,进一步分析了商品交易给买卖双方带来的好处即经济剩余。最后简单地分析了劳动力这种特殊商品的价格确定以及劳动力买卖所产生的经济剩余。

This paper revises the traditional labor-value viewpoint which says that the price of commodity is determined by its value.From the simple model of commodity exchange,it can be concluded that the price of commodity is determined not only by its value or its labor time,but also by the use value or utility which the consumers evaluate on it.Based on this conclusion,the paper analyzes the benefit or economic surplus that commodity exchange brings up to the both sides of the exchange.At last,the paper analyzes the determination of the price of the special labor commodity and the economic surplus which come from the labor commodity exchange.