广西锡矿工人恶性肿瘤死亡率研究

Mortality of Cancer Among Tin Miners in Guangxi

对大厂和栗木锡矿1972～1974年的在册职工7849人进行了历史前瞻性队列研究;并通过多种监测手段对环境有害因子进行了监测。结果表明,锡矿全死因死亡率为632.7/10万,与全国居民死亡率计算的期望数比较,SMR=1.11(95％CI为1.03～1.19),恶性肿瘤死亡为全死因之首(占39.3％),其次是脑血管疾病和心脏病。恶性肿瘤死亡明显超高(SMR=1.56),且主要集中在肺癌、肝癌和鼻咽癌,其中肺癌占首位(32.1％),SMR为1.98,肝癌和鼻咽癌的SMR为1.79和3.71。监测结果进一步表明,大厂矿肺癌超高与接尘水平及其可吸入砷浓度的高低有明显的联系。

A cohort study of 7849 workers employedduring 1972 to 1974 at Da-Chang mines andLi-Mu mine in Guangxi was conducted andseveral adverse factors in workplace weremeasured. The results showed that mortalityof all cause of death was 632.7/100,000 withSMR=1. 11, 95% CI=1.03～1.19, which wasslightly higher than that expected based onthe national general mortality rates. Cancerdeaths accounted for 39.3% of total deaths,and ranked the first place in all causes ofdeath. The second cause of death was cere-brovascular and heart diseases. The risk ofcancer was significantly elevated (SMR=1.56), primarily due to lung cancer, livercancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer. 32.1of the cancer was lung cancer (SMR=1.98).SMRs for liver cancer and nasopharyngealcancer were 1.79 and 3.71 respectively. Thefindings also suggested that the high risk oflung cancer for Da-Chang miners was sign-ificantly related to high dust exposure andrespirable arsenic concentration.