粪尿分集式厕所对肠道寄生虫病的防制和环境卫生的影响

The role of urine directing toilets on the control of intestinal parasitic diseases and its impact on the environmental sanitation

目的 观察利用粪尿分集式厕所管粪加人群化疗对控制肠道寄生虫感染及环境卫生影响的效果。 方法 1)采用Kato katz法进行人群粪检 ;2 )采用饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查土壤虫卵 ;3 )采用毒饵诱杀法调查蝇种类及密度 ;4)采用“驱虫宁”(阿苯达唑 )、吡喹酮对人群进行肠道线虫及华支睾吸虫驱虫治疗。 结果 治疗前试验组和对照组人群肠道寄生虫感染率分别为 3 2 49%和 2 9 73 % ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;疗后半年感染率分别为 42 5 7%和5 9 63 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;疗后 1年感染率分别为 3 8 42 %和 41 40 % ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。对两个监测点的蝇类调查 ,蝇的种类有 6种 ,以家蝇为主 ,占 79 5 6% ,其次是市蝇占 11 75 % ;同一时期、同一种类蝇的数量对照组均高于试验组 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 粪尿分集式厕所可降低人群肠道寄生虫感染率、不污染外环境且能防蝇、减少蝇密度 ,是一种适用于广大农村地区的生态卫生厕所。

Objective To observe the effect of management of feces by construction of sanitary toilets plus chemical therapy of in habitants for control of intestinal parasitic infection and the impact on envirommental health. Methods 1.Kato-katz method was used in feces examination in population;2.Saturated sodium sulfate flotation method was used in examining eggs in soils;3.Poison bait trap method was used in the investigation of fly species and density and 4.Albendazole (Qu Chong Ning) and Praziquantel were used for killing intestinal nemathelminths and Clonorchis sinensis in inhabitants. Results The infection rate of intestinal parasites in experimental group and control group before treatment were 32.49% and 29.73%,respectively.The difference was not significant (P>0.05).The infection rate of intestinal parasites in experimental group and control group six months after treatment were 42.57% and 59.63%,respectively.The difference was significant (P<0.05).The infection rate 12 months after treatment were 38.42% and 41.40%,respectively and no significance was found between the two groups (P>0.05).There six species of flies were captured in two sites monitored and common housefly accounted for 79.56%.The number of the same species in control group was greater than that in experimental group in same period (P<0.05). Conclusion Sanitary toilet is a kind of ecologically hygienic toilet that can reduces infectious rate of intestinal parasites,protect the environment and is saitable for popularization in rural areas.