肾结核诊治分析(附52例报告)

Diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis(report of 52 cases)

目的 探讨肾结核的临床表现及诊治方法。 方法 肾结核患者 5 2例 ,临床表现膀胱刺激征 36例 (6 9% ) ,腰痛伴肉眼血尿 10例 (19% ) ,肾绞痛及无痛性肉眼血尿各 6例 (11% )。 5 2例中B超提示肾结核 2 0例 ,单侧肾积水 2 2例 ;4 7例肾图示患肾无功能 31例 ;同期尿AFB和Tb PCR检查38例 ,尿AFB阳性 13例 (34% ) ,尿Tb PCR阳性 2 1例 (5 5 % )。误诊为结石或炎症 2 7例。药物治疗 12例 (2 3% ) ,手术治疗 4 0例 (77% )。 结果 12例药物治疗者均痊愈。 4 0例手术后病理均诊断为肾结核 ,2 3例随访 1.5～ 5 .0年均治愈 ,发生输尿管残端综合征 5例。 结论 尿AFB和Tb PCR检查仍是术前确诊肾结核的主要手段。无功能结核肾切除同时应尽可能切除患侧输尿管。

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis(TB). Methods This series included 52 patients with renal TB.Of them 36 cases (69%) presented with irritative symptoms.10 cases (19%) had lumbago accompanied by hematuria.6 cases (11%) had renal angina and 6(11%) painless hematuria.B-ultrasonography suggested renal TB in 20 cases and unilateral hydronephrosis in 22 cases;renogram showed that the diseased kidneys had no function in 31 cases.Urinal AFB and tuberculosis PCR(Tb-PCR) were performed in 38 cases,the results were positive in 13(34%)and 21(55%),respectively.27 cases were misdiagnosed to have calculi or inflammation.Treatments consisted of antituberculous chemotherapy in 12 cases (23%)and surgery in 40(77%). Results All of the 12 cases who received medications recovered completely.40 cases undergoing surgery were pathologically diagnosed to have renal TB;of them 5 cases developed ureteral stump syndrome. Conclusions Urine AFB and Tb-PCR remain the primary diagnostic methods before operation.When the non-functioning kidney is resected,the involved ureter should be concomitantly resected as much as possible.