“请”式语法语义及“尚礼”认知心理

On the Syntax, Semantic and Cognitive Foundation of "Qing" Pattern

根据"请"的语法语义分布情形,将"请"分为"请1(请求、邀请、宴请等)"和"请2(敬辞)"。"请1"码化为"请1+N1+(V1P1)","请2"码化为"请2+(N2)+V2P2"。"请1"是动词。《现代汉语八百词》的"请2"属于动词有一定困难,我们认为将之归于"表敬副词"更适合汉语实际。"V2P2"也很难是《现代汉语八百词》所说的"动词宾语"。从汉民族认知心理上讲,"请1""请2"有着共同的心理基础,深层表征上都是以"礼貌""希望""恭敬"等为前提,表层表征上则采取互补分布,以全方位体现汉民族的"尚礼"情怀。

Based on the distributing situation of 'Qing(请)', we hypothesize that 'Qing' has 'Qing1' and 'Qing2'. The structure of 'Qing1' is 'Qing1+N1+(V1P1)' and that of 'Qing2' is '(N2)+Qing2+(N2)+V2P2'. The 'Qing1' is verb. To some extent the other isn't as a verb. In light of the Chinese facts the 'qing2' would be 'adverb' which expresses respect for somebody. And the phrase of 'V2P2' isn't exactly 'verb object'. Both 'Qing' have same fundament in cognitive psychology. The deep token is civility, wish, and esteem. There is a mutual distribution on the surface token. The 'Qing' embodies Chinese passion of courtesy.