摘要
张士灌区利用含镉工业废水灌溉农田已有35年的历史,灌区环境受到了严重污染,糙米中的镉含量;重污染区高达1.0mg/kg以上;中污染区0.5mg/kg左右;轻污染区为0.2mg/kg;猪体内脏器中的含镉量是对照区的7～9倍。据计算,重、中污染区居民每日平均摄入的镉量己超过日本规定限量标准(300μg)的1～2倍。对污灌区188名30岁以上的妇女健康检查结果,发现有腰、背、四肢疼痛者占71％,其中有关节活动受限制者6.1％。尿镉在10μg/g肌酐以上,同时尿低分子蛋白、β_z-MG,氨基氮,尿钙和血清碱性磷酸酶含量升高,表明有肾小管损伤、骨质疏松或软化。按我国“职业性慢性镉中毒诊断标准”衡量,目前张士灌区的重、中污染区约有10％的受检人群达此标准、对此,作者提出了积极防治意见。
The Zhangshi area has been irrigated with cadmium contaminated industrial waste water for 35 years. The environment of the area was polluted heavily. Cadmium concentration of unpolished rice was more than 1 mg/kg in high irrigation area, 0.5 mg/kg in the middle, and 0.2 mg/kg in the lower. The concentration of cadmium in organs of the pigs was 7～9 folds higher than that of the controls. The avarage personal daily cadmium intake was 1～2 folds higher than the intake limitation (300μg) standardized by Welfare Ministry of Japan. The women above age of 30 who lived in the high and middle of Zhangshi irrigation area showed that 71％ of the women had arthragia of lumbar, pack, upper limb or lower limb, and 6.1％ of them had limited morbility at some of their joints. Biochemical analysis on blood and urine samples demonstrated that the urine cadmium was above 10μg/g of creati nine. The low molecular albuminuria,Bata_2-mg, aminonitrogen, calcium in urine, and serum alkaline phesphatose were increased and showed that the renal tubules were impaired and the osteoporosis, osteomalacia of humerus and femurs According to the diagnosis standard of chronic occupational cadmium poisoning of our country. We estimated that more than 10％ of all subjects living in the heavy and moderate contiamination area could be diagnosed as chronic cadmium poisonng. Therefore the authors suggested that some preventive measure should be taken in order to control cadmium pollution and reduce its effect upon health of residents.
