松材线虫及其关键传媒墨天牛的研究进展

Advances in research on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its key vector Monochamus spp.

松材线虫Bursaphelenchusxylophilus (Steiner&Buhere,1 93 4Nickle,1 981 )是一种世界多国公认的重大外来生物。其原产地在美国 ,但松材线虫并不严重危害该国松林 ;日本受害最重 ,经过几十年的研究与防治 ,现已基本能控制松材线虫病大发生。自 1 982年我国南京中山陵首次发现松材线虫以来 ,其在我国的扩散趋势越来越明显 ,现已成为我国一种重要入侵病原生物。它不但对我国南方数百万公顷松林构成毁灭性威胁 ,影响我国经济和社会可持续发展 ,而且将破坏我国一些著名风景名胜区、文化遗产地。同时 ,松材线虫正成为一项技术壁垒 ,严重影响我国的进出口贸易。该文简要从松材线虫及其关键传煤墨天牛Monochamusspp .的生物学特性、分布状况 ,松材线虫病的蔓延条件及影响因素等方面概述国内外的研究动态 。

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle, 1981,is a destructive invasive species in many countries. It is native to the United State of America where it does not causing any serious damage to pines. However, it kills many pine trees where it is invasive. The PWN was first discovered in China in 1982 in Nanjing. It has now spread to ten other provinces and become the most destructive forest pest in China, threatening most of the country's pine plantations. Since its discovery in China, considerable time and research effort has been devoted to this invasive species. Over 3 000 papers have so far been published on the PWN, including some 300 in Chinese. This paper summarizes the current status of research on the biology and distributiion of Monochamus spp.,its dispersal and the influence of pine wilt disease.