清代会党的地域环境与清政府的社会控制

The Regional Environment of Folk Organizations and the Social Control of the Qing Government

清代会党是清代社会经济变迁的产物,它是以破产劳动者、移民、游民为主要成分的组织。从行政区位角度来看,其活动地区大致可分为两类地区,即远离行政中心的边陲地区和横跨多个行政区划的交界地区。由于会党活动地区地形复杂,政府难以稽查与控制;地跨多个行政区划,地方政府之间各自为政,行动难以取得统一;远离控制中心的边陲地区及交界地带,行政设置滞后,政府控制力量薄弱。

Folk Organizations in the Qing Dynasty was the result of the changes of social economy,and it mainly consisted of the immigrants and vagrants who were bankrupt labourers.From the point of view of administrative position,its areas can roughly be divided into two kinds,namely the border areas far away from the administrative center,and the areas stretching over a lot of bounded areas of administrative division.Because the terrain of the areas were very complex,it was difficult for the government to check and control;because the areas extended across a lot of administrative divisions and the officials did things in their own ways between the local governments,it was difficult to obtain the unity of taking action;the border area being far away from the control centre,the upbuild of administration lagged behind,the strength of the governmental controls were weak.