第十三世达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选拉木登珠1938-1939年间滞留西宁问题探析

A Study on the Issue of lha-mo-don-grub, Candidate Reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, Being Detained in Xining during 1938-1939

1938-1939年间,第十三世达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选拉木登珠被迫滞留西宁,学界多以此事为青海省政府主席马步芳牟取私利向西藏噶厦政府勒索钱财所为。但是,相关档案资料显示,此事经历了性质不同的两个阶段:前期中央政府利用在青海觅得达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选之机,通过阻留拉木登珠与西藏噶厦政府进行政治交涉,目的在于改善与西藏地方政府的关系,客观上为维护中央政府的权威创造了有利条件;后期马步芳违抗中央命令,扣留拉木登珠,企图借机控制西藏。在其政治阴谋失败后,又对西藏噶厦政府实施敲诈勒索。这一事件反映了民国政府在特定的历史条件下为维护中央政府对西藏主权所做的努力以及当时中国社会的政治无序状态。

During 1938-1939 lha-mo-don-grub, candidate reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, was detained in Xining. In the past, most scholars believed that this was brought about by Ma Bufang, the then chairman of Qinghai provincial government, who aimed at extorting money from the Tibetan local government. However, relevant documents show that this issue had gone through two stages. In the first stage the central government took advantage of the opportunity that the candidate reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama was found in Qinghai to make political negotiations with the Tibetan local government by detaining lha-mo-don-grub in Xining. Its purpose is to improve the relations with the Tibetan local government. The practice in fact helped create a favourable condition to uphold the authority of the central government. In the second stage Ma Bufang disobeyed orders from the central government and detained lha-mo-don-grub with a view to control Tibet. When the intrigue failed, he extorted money from the Tibetan local government. This event reflects the central government's efforts to uphold its national authority over Tibet under the special historical conditions and the disordered situations of politics at that time of China.