西方怀疑主义认识论的历史演进与思维方式

Evolution and patterns of thinking of western skepticism epistemology

西方怀疑论起源于古希腊的普罗泰戈拉,这是人类第一次对知识的普遍有效性的置疑。皮浪的否定一切知识的可能性的不可知论是古代怀疑论的最后结论。值得一提的是,由笛卡尔所倡导的近代理性哲学以研究知识的可靠性和l必然性为己任,却是从普遍怀疑开始的。英国哲学家体谟在总结前人的基础上,把其先辈洛克的经验主义原则义无反顾地贯彻到底,从而得出了否定因果关系和归纳原理的怀疑论,大哲学家康德“梦醒之后”.更是提出了“没有认识论的本体论无效”的结论,进而严肃认真地考察了人的认识能力,因此形成了彪炳于西方哲学史的认识论思想。从普罗泰戈拉到康德,“怀疑”已经从对事物的置疑发展成为批判地认识和把握事物的思维方式,它对于我们这个讲求创新的时代,具有很强的理论意义与现实意义。

The first man to establish western skepticism was Protagoras in ancient Greek who proposed a doubt about the general validity of human knowledge for the first time in history. Then Pyrrho proposed his agnosticism which negated the possibility of all knowledge and was regarded as a final conclusion of ancient skepticism. However, the modern rationalism proposed by Descartes started with a general doubt. Later, the Scottish philosopher Hume reached a conclusion that this skepticism denied causation and induction based on early theories and Locke's empirical philosophy. More recently, the philosopher Kant came to a conclusion of the invalid ontology without the epistemologyl From Protagoras to Kant, doubt'had become a pattern of critical thinking and learning from a simple way of doubting about things. It is of theoretical and practical significance in the age of innovation.