国有商业银行的困境与出路选择

Predicaments of state-owned commercial banks and their way out

国有商业银行改革是我国银行业改革的“重头戏” ,但其面临的严重困境却阻碍了它的改革进程。国有商业银行面临的困境主要表现在四个方面 :资本金严重匮乏 ,资本充足率较低 ;不良资产比例过高 ,银行经营风险巨大 ;盈利能力较差 ,利润水平很低 ;管理体制落后 ,激励约束机制不健全。理论界提出的国有商业银行改革的模式主要有“整体改制”和“分拆改革”两种 ;资本金补充方式有政府注资式、银行自攒式和社会参与式等三种。本文认为国有商业银行改革应解放思想、与时俱进、不断创新 ,采取多样化策略 ,因行制宜。“整体改制”与“分拆改革”并举 ;国家、银行、社会多方出资 ;国有商业银行内、外部改革同步进行。

The reform of the state-owned commercial banks is a highlighted part of China's banking industry reform, but it has found itself in a serious predicament that hinders its progress. The predicament that has trapped the state-owned commercial banks is manifested mainly in the following four aspects: short supply of capital in cash hence lower sufficient capital ratio, higher proportion of bad capital hence higher risk of banking management, inefficient profitability hence lower profiting level, and backward management system hence unsound incentive and inhibitive mechanisms. Advanced by academicians in the circle are the two models for the state-owned commercial bank reform (integral transforming and separating reforming), and the three patterns of capital supply (governmental injection, bank accumulation and societal participation). It is argued that in order to carry out the state-owned commercial bank reform, we must free ourselves from old-fashioned thinking, keep pace with the progress of the times, keep on innovation, vary our tactics, and take varied measures to suit individual banks. In addition, the two reform models should be adopted simultaneously and the three capital supplying patterns should also be employed at the same, and the inner-bank reform should be carried out in pace with the outer-bank reform.