许学夷明诗辨体批评述考

Research on Xu Xueyis Style-distinguishing Criticism on Ming Dynasty Poetry

关于明代诗歌的价值,明清以来有诸多纷争。许学夷对明诗总体成就的认识及对明代诸名家诗的辨体批评实践,对于我们更为客观地评价明诗有着重要的参考价值。许学夷认为,明诗总体成就虽无法与前代相比,但这并非等于明人没有创作出直追唐人的好诗。明诗成就最高的两种体裁是歌行与七律。明初高启、杨士奇等人擅长五言古诗,明中后期诗人无法企及;歌行体各个时期均有大家,以李梦阳、高启成就为最高;七律在明中后期较为纯熟,何景明为明朝七律第一,至嘉靖诸子虽气象宏大而实少变化,日益趋于雷同。

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, disagreements abound concerning the value of Ming Dynasty Poetry. Xu Xueyi's understanding of the overall achievements of Ming Dynasty poetry and his style-distinguishing criticism on the various poets of the Dynasty are of great value for us to have an objective evaluation of Ming Dynasty poetry. Xu thinks that although the overall achievements of Ming Dynasty poetry were not comparable to the preceding dynasties, it does not mean that no poems in the Ming Dynasty were as good as those of the Dang poets. The highest achievements of Ming poems fall in the styles of Gexing and Qilu. Gao Qi and Yang Shiqi of the early Ming Dynasty were good at Wuyan classical-styles poetry and had no match in the mid and late Ming Dynasty. Although there were great masters of Gexing style poetry in every period, Li Mengyang and Gao Qi occupied the highest place in terms of achievement. The Qilu style became more mature in the mid and late Ming Dynasty with He Jingming being the top achiever in this respect . The style became more magnificent in the Jiajing period but lacked creativity.