有效证明与维护程序正当性的矛盾及其解决——兼论非法证据排除规则的理念与制度设置及运用

Resolving the Contradiction Between Valid Testimony and the Protection of Procedural Righteousness

诉讼中,有效证明与维护程序正当性时常表现为此消彼长的二律背反关系。矛盾的焦点之一,在于对非法证据是否排除以及排除范围的大小。解决矛盾的良策之一,是合理设置并合理运用非法证据排除规则。设置合理的非法证据排除规则,应当充分兼顾有效证明与维护程序正当性二者的内在价值,以利实体公正与程序公正二者尽可能共同实现。合理运用非法证据排除规则,应当容许价值大小判定上的相对自由,以便司法机关掌握有效证明与维护程序正当性二者的适当平衡。

During law suits, valid testimony often runs counter to the protection of procedural righteousness. The problem lies mainly with whether and to what extent unlawful evidence should be rejected. A solution to the problem is the establishment and appropriate use of regulations for the rejection of unlawful evidence. During the establishment of such regulations, due attention should be paid to the inherent values of valid testimony and the protection of procedural righteousness for the realization of both entity righteousness and procedural righteousness. During the application of such regulations, a certain degree of freedom should be given to the judgment of the importance of values, so that judicial departments can achieve at a balance between valid testimony and the protection of procedural righteousness.