论广东省实施生态移民政策的必要性与现实性

ON THE NECESSITY AND REALITY OF CARRYING OUT ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT POLICY IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

广东欠发达地区多属于生态敏感或脆弱地区,其发展受生态环境因素的制约特别明显,同时这些地区又是全省的生态屏障,加强保护,发挥其生态功能不仅有利于当地的可持续发展,也是全省可持续发展的重要保障。为了有效推进广东省区域协调发展战略的实施,缓解山区面临的不断增长的生态压力,建议实行生态移民政策,根据区域生态环境的承受能力控制人口密度,通过市场化的办法将部分人口转移到城镇。

The development in Guangdong Province is rather uneven from area to area. Most of the under-developed areas in Guangdong Province belong to ecological-sensitive or ecological-fragile zones, where the ecological environment factors have become an obvious constraint on the development. According to statistics of the 104 counties or cities in the whole province for the year of 2000, there are 21 counties or cities with per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) less than 4000 yuan (that is, less than 500 US dollar). All those 21 counties or cities are situated either at the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River where soil erosion is serious, or at the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River where there is the source of drinking water for more than 20 million urban population in the eastern Pearl River Delta including Shengzhen and Hong Kong, or in the arid karst mountain region, or in the region with dense agricultural population. At the same time,those areas are important ecological defences for the whole province. Protection and bringing a full play of their ecological function will not only be beneficial to the sustainable development of the local community, but also an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the whole province. In order to carry forward the regional coordinative development strategy effectively and buffer the increasing ecological pressure faced by the mountainous regions, it is advised to carry out ecological settlement policy in Guangdong Province, that is, to shift the overloaded population from ecological-sensitive or ecological-fragile zones to cities and towns in a market way so as to control the population density within the capacity of the ecological environment of the regions.