从主动边缘化到被动边缘化——农转工人员的进城行为研究

From active Marginalization to Passive Marginalization——Research on Peasant-Transformed Workers'Behavior of going into City

农转工是我国在计划经济体制下建立的安置因建设征地而失去土地的农民进城工作的一种制度。在这种制度安排下 ,尽管农转工人员在进城之初所从事的多为城里人所不愿做的边缘性工作 ,但由于自建国以来我国实行的城乡分割和城市偏向政策 ,使农民的生存状况与城里人相比存在着巨大的差距 ,因此 ,农民为改善自身及家庭生活状况往往千方百计地农转工 ,主动边缘化的倾向非常突出。然而 ,随着计划经济体制的松动 ,在逐渐失去国家庇护的情况下 ,安置农转工人员的单位效益普遍下滑 ,因此他们往往是在边缘化的基础上被进一步边缘化 ,即呈再边缘化的特征。在这一现象的影响下 。

The transforming of peasant to worker is a special process of relocatin g those p easants who have lost their lands because of expropriation for construction as w orkers in the planned-economy system. Under the arrangement of that, although th ese peasant-transformed workers are engaged in those jobs that they are unwillin g to do, the result that the partition of urban and rural areas and the inclined -toward-city policy were executed since the establishment of our country makes t he level of their living conditions much lower than that of city residents'. To improve their living conditions, therefore, peasants try their best to transform themselves from peasants to workers, which shows the tendency of active margina lization is very clear. However, with the relaxation of the planned-economy syst em and losing the protection of our country gradually, performance of those ente rprises that relocate those peasant-transformed workers began to drop. So all of these force them to marginalize further on the basis of marginalization, which is the characteristics of re-marginalization. The active behavior of peasant-tra nsformed workers' going into city begins to become passive or even they resist s uch behavior negatively