崂山风景区景观要素空间格局及其动态分析

Pattern of Landscape Elements and Its Dynamic Analysis for the Laoshan Beauty Spot

利用崂山风景区的林相图和 1983年、1991年、2 0 0 1年 3期实地调查资料 ,在ARC/INFO的支持下 ,对崂山风景区的景观格局进行了动态分析。结果表明 :(1)景观多样性较低 ,整个景观被黑松与落叶松林占据了80 %以上的面积。但从 1983～ 2 0 0 1年的变化上看 ,景观多样性有加大的趋势 ;(2 )黑松的面积变化很小 ,但落叶松林面积有所下降 ,刺槐、赤松、空地面积有所加大 ;(3)分维指数主要在 1.2 5～ 1.35 ,说明整体斑块的边缘比较规则且变化小 ;有林地的散布与毗邻指数在 1991～ 2 0 0 1年间整体加大 ,其中黑松与落叶松分别增大到 73.5 1、76 .4 8,说明分布呈零散分布的趋势 ;(4 )景观格局的分布中 ,类斑的分布与坡度呈正态分布 ;类斑与坡向没有较大关系 ,分布较均匀 ;类斑集中分布在 2 0 1～ 80 0m的高程区 ,类斑块数与多样性在 4 0 1～ 6 0 0m达到最高值。

The dynamic analysis on the landscape of Laoshan beauty spot was carried out with the support of ARC/INFO, the forest type map and field survey data of 1983, 1991 and 2001. The result showed that the landscape diversity of Laoshan beauty spot was low, and the whole landscape area was held above 80 percent by Larix spp. and Pinus thunbergii. Judging from the change between 1983 and 2001, the landscape diversity tended to increase. The area change for Pinus thunbergii was small, but that of Larix spp. decreased, while those of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus densiflora and empty space increased. The range of fractal dimension index was from 1.25 to 1.35, which demonstrated that the edge of landscape was regular and its change was small. Interspersion and Juxtaposition indexes of forestland increased from 1991 to 2001, among which Pinus thunbergii and Larix spp. reached to 73.51 and 76.48 separately, which proves that the distribution of landscape had the tendency of scattered. In the distribution of landscape pattern, the distribution of type patches with symmetrical distribution had a normal distribution with slope area, and it had no relationship with slope directions. The type patches centralized in the altitude area of 201～800 m, the maximum values of type patches number and diversity index were in the altitude area of 401～600 m.