刑法罪过的心理学分析

A Psychological Analysis of Criminal Mentality

通过对各国罪过理论的比较分析,发现在罪过研究中普遍忽略了情绪因素,而且各国对不同种类罪过的非难重点差异也较大。如果剥离罪过中的法律因素,剩下的主要就是心理内容,由此对罪过进行心理学的分析,在第一层面即罪过的共性中得出罪过的心理内容是知和情意的结论,使情绪有所依归;然后,对罪过的第二层面即罪过内部成分的组合方式进行深入考察,得出在刑法罪过中,知是基础,情意是主导,情意承载着刑法责任与非难的结论。最后,将我国的罪过放到知与情意所罗织的网络(模型)之中,发现疏忽大意的过失其实也存在着情意因素,并得出犯罪过失其实是情意的缺陷而非注意的缺陷的结论。

This paper makes a comparative analysis of theories of criminal mentality in different countries. It argues that in the study of criminal mentality, different countries hold different attitudes towards different kinds of criminal mentality. In addition to the role of law, there exists the psychological element. This paper draws the conclusion from the common characteristics of criminal mentality that the content includes cognition, emotion and will. It discusses the construction of elements in criminal mentality and explains that emotion and will are more important than cognition and that emotion and will are the foundation of criminal responsibility. It also points out that ignorance is the defect of emotion and will, but not the defect of attention.