隧洞工程施工塌方预防及处理

Prevention and Treatment of Landslide in Tunnelling

隧洞施工中由于地质不良、设计定位不当、施工方法不正确易引起塌方。对于塌方应以预防为主,做好地质勘察;做好合理的论证设计及施工方案,加强施工中的观察分析。塌方处理按照"小塌清,先支后清"、"大塌穿,先护后挖"及"治塌先治水"的原则进行。大塌方可采用侧壁导坑法、迂回导坑法及管棚法进行处理,并加强相应的支护衬砌结构。

Poor geologic condition,improper positioning in design and incorrect construction method will lead to landslide in tunnelling.For landslide,prevention should be put first:carry out precisely geologic prospecting,analize comprehensively design and construction schemes and strengthen supervision during construction.Treatment of landslide should follow the principle of 'supporting before removal for small landslide;protecting before excavation for large landslide and controling water before treating landslide'.To treat large landslide such methods may be employed as cheek heading,offset heading and pipe trellis with strengthening respective supports and lining.