农业利用和人为干扰对剑湖湿地土壤特性的影响

Impacts of Agricultural Activities and Human Disturbances on Characteristics of Wetland Soil in Jianhu Nature Reserve

采用野外采样及室内分析方法,研究了剑湖自然保护区湿地土壤特性,探讨了农业利用和人为活动干扰对剑湖湿地土壤的影响以及森林对湿地的涵养作用。结果表明,湖滨带围垦造田,集水面上毁林开荒以及流域范围内的土壤利用对湿地土壤的发生发展产生显著影响。50年间湖面积减少了33.44%,蓄水量降低了62.95%,土壤养分呈现下降趋势。施肥影响下的农耕地包括水稻田引起的面源污染以及森林破坏后引起的表土养分流失和水土流失,是导致湖泊水质变劣、面积萎缩,引起剑湖湿地退化的潜在因素,对澜沧江下游及附近地区自然环境的形成与演变产生重大影响。

We analyzed the impacts of agricultural activities, forest vegetation and human disturbances on wetland soil by studying on the soil characteristics of Jianhu nature reserve wetland. The results showed that the reclamation land from marshes in lakeside, disafforestation in catchments and soil utilization in watersheds significantly affected the formation and development of marshes in the area studied. The water area and water demand reduced by 33.34% and 62.95% within 50 years, respectively, and nutrients the soil showed same decreasing trends. The losses of soil nutrients and soil erosion caused by forests destroying and surface pollution caused by fertilizer application in agriculture field were potential threatens for water quality decline, lake water area shrinking and wetland soil degradation to Jianhu wetland, which posed greatly impacts on ecological environment in both nearby regions and down streams of Lancang River.