畜禽废弃物高温好氧堆腐过程中气体产生与变化

The Gas Generation and Transformation In the Process of High Temperature Aerobic Composting for Animal Wastes

利用通气方法对3种禽畜废弃物进行了高温好氧堆腐发酵试验,堆腐物内部温度维持在70℃左右,对发酵过程中O2、CO2、NH3、CH4、H2S的逐日变化量进行了测定。结果表明,CO2、NH3的产生量与堆腐材料的C/N有关。对于发酵中产生恶臭的NH3,猪粪发酵中最高值比试验开始时增加了350倍,鸡粪增加了120倍,而乳牛粪只增加了23倍,其最高值远低于猪粪和鸡粪。猪、鸡粪发酵过程中有CH4、H2S产生,乳牛粪中未被检出。易分解有机物含量高、C/N低的堆腐材料,在充气、高温条件下,2～3d可达到腐解高峰,1周左右气体产生趋于平稳下降,完成1次发酵。

Three kinds of Animal wastes were tested for high temperature aerobic composting fermentation by employing aeration method. The inner temperature of composting material maintained about 70 ℃ .The daily changes of O2, CO2, NH3, CH4 and H2S were measured in the process of fermentation. The amount of CO2 and NH3 related to the C/N ratio of composting material. The amount of NH3 that generated and caused the offensive odor during the fermentation varied with different composting materials. The maximum values of NH3 in the porcine manure and hen manure fermentation were 350 and 120 times higher respectively than those in the beginning of experiment, while that of dairy cattle manure was 23 times higher, far less than those of hen and porcine manure. CH4 and H2S generated during the hen and porcine manure fermentation, but no CH4 and H2S measured during the dairy cattle manure fermentation. The composting material with high content of easily decomposed organic matter and low C/N ratio reached the peak of decomposition in two or three days under the condition of aeration and high temperature. After one week or so, generated gas began to decrease stably and first fermentation completed.