基于FDI的产业集群发展模式与动力机制——以浙江嘉善木业集群为例

Dynamics of FDI-driving Industrial Clusters--The Case of Jiashan, Zhejiang

集群战略日益广泛地被运用于招商引资 ,旨在增强地区对外资的吸引力与粘合力 ,从而促进地方持续发展。浙江嘉善木业集群的经验表明 ,外资能否持续推动地方集群的发展 ,除了受地方制度成本及集群外部效应的影响之外 ,还更取决于外资企业与民营企业之间的融合方式与程度。在学习能力和企业家精神较强的地区 ,民营企业在外资企业的示范带动和竞争压力下 ,能够通过持续的知识积累和自主创新 ,增强并突出自身优势。届时 ,外资企业不但能够获得纯经济外部性 ,还能够获得知识与信息的外部性 ,并受此驱动与地方资本有效融合。

As more and more foreign direct investment (FDI) come into less developed regions, the latter have great opportunities of increasing social welfare, while at the same time are at the risk of 'branch' economy. FDI-driving cluster strategies are considered as an efficient tool of balancing the two aspects. The case of Jiashan in Zheijiang Province shows, whether such strategies can come into force or not and whether FDI can increase permanently the growth of local clusters or not mainly depend on the collaboration with local economic actors. Absolutely, local firms' learning and innovative capabilities will promote their power in bargaining with foreign firms, and thus construct a competitive-cooperative relation between local and foreign actors.