加速器~7Li^(+3)注入小麦种胚内靶核反应的生物学效应

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS INDUCED BY THE INNER-TARGET REACTION OF ACCELERATED^7LI^(+3) IONS WITH WHEAT EMBRYO

将加速器7Li+ 3 离子束与生物体内遗传物质发生1H( 7Li,7Be)n内靶特征核反应诱发核酸分子结构变化的机制应用于生物诱变 ,辐照剂量在 1 41 6× 1 0 10 粒子 cm2 - 1 41 6× 1 0 12 粒子 cm2范围内处理的小麦 ,观察幼苗叶片细胞亚显微结构 ,发现离子束注入引起了细胞膜的破裂 ,细胞发生质壁分离 ,细胞核形状变得不规则等。出现叶绿体局部突起 ,形成芽状结构 ;叶绿体基粒排列散乱 ,基粒类囊体模糊不清 ;叶绿体膜破裂 ,甚至消失 ;线粒体出现脊模糊、破裂等变化。对幼苗根尖细胞学研究观察 ,获得单桥、双桥、桥断裂、落后染色体、三级、断片和微核等畸变类型 ;对已获得的小麦突变株 ,分别进行M2 代DNA分子的RAPD分析 ,结果发现DNA均发生变异 ,证明7Li+ 3 注入通过内靶核反应能够诱发小麦在分子水平上产生遗传变异。

Using the mechanism of the nuclear reaction of accelerated 7Li +3 ions with the inner target in mutant material i.e 1H( 7Li, 7Be)n, the biological effects were studied. The wheat seeds were irradiated with the doses ranged from 1.416×10 10 ions/cm 2 to 1.416×10 12 ions/cm 2. It was found that the cell membrane ruptured, the plasmolysis occurred, the nucleus shape changed. The serious changes of the chloroplast were as follows: the membrane protuberance, the grand disorder, the membrane disappearance, cristae of mitochondrion rupture etc. by checking of the sub-microstructure of leaf cell. The single micronucleus and multi-micronucleus were observed at the interphase. The chromosome aberrational cells including chromosome fragment, lagging chromosome, chromosome bridge and circular chromosome were found during the mitosis. RAPD analysis of seedling genomic DNA variation in M 2 generation of three mutants showed their DNA sequences had changed. The result confirmed that the implantation of 7Li +3 ions could induce genetic mutation in wheat.