全站仪垂距测量代替二、三、四等水准测量的研究

Study on replacing the second, third and fourth order leveling by vertical distance measurement with total station instrument

全站仪垂距测量进行高程测量,是基于三角高程测量和水准测量原理,在测点中间安置全站仪,不量仪器高和棱镜高,通过观测垂距以进行高差测量。经过理论分析和实验验证,精度可以达到二等水准,在丘陵低山地区,可以代替二、三、四等级水准测量。

This paper discusses a method of trigonometric leveling with total station instrument and vertical distance measurement. Based on the theory of trigonometric leveling and leveling, this method ignores the height of instrument and prism and measures elevation differences by observing vertical distance of foresight and backsight with the instrument placed at the middle of survey lines. It is shown that by theoretical analysis and experiment the method with many advantages can meet the needs of the second order leveling and replace the second, third and fourth order leveling in knap and low mountain areas.