额济纳生态环境退化及成因分析

The Degradation of Ecological Environment in Ejinaqi and Its Cause Analysis

黑河下游的额济纳旗近20年来水文和生态环境严重退化,约有3/4的水井干涸,部分地区地下水位下降了2～3m,水质恶化,生物多样性减少,有的物种已经灭绝。仅从1987年到1991年间,沙漠化面积(植被覆盖率<10%)就增加了约5.6%,年递增1.63×102km2,绿洲严重退化,沙尘暴天气频繁。生态环境退化的原因是由于黑河水资源的不合理利用、人口的快速增长使土地超载及过度放牧。最后针对这些问题提出了一些相应的措施。

Ejinaqi lies in the lower reach of Heihe River basin. In the recent years, serious environment and hydrological degradation have been formed: About three fourths wells have dried and ground water has decreased 2～3 m according to observational data from a part of different ground water levels, water quality has deteriorated, the diversity of biology has decreased, even some of them have been extinct. The situation of land has seriously desertified and oases have diminished. For example, between the years 1987 and 1991, the areas of Gobi and desertification land have increased by 5.6, and the annual rate reached to 1.63×10^(4)km^(2). The causes of ecological enviroment degradation is the unreasonable utilization of water resources of Heihe, population increasing in the region and excess grazing. Basing on these problems, some reasonable countermeasures are put forward.