三江源自然保护区澜沧江上游种子植物区系研究

Spermatophyte flora in upper reaches of Lancang River in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, China

通过对三江源自然保护区澜沧江上游进行实地野外调查 ,鉴定统计得到种子植物 616种 ,分归 59科 ,2 42属 .对澜沧江上游种子植物区系从科、属、种三级水平统计分析 ,初步探讨了该地区植物区系的性质和基本特点 .①区系性质 :属级区系分析表明 ,热带性质的属占总属数的 3 3 5% ,而温带性质的属占总属数的 90 91% ;种级水平组成中 ,区系的温带种有 3 85种 ,占总种数的 62 91% ,几乎没有热带种成分 .属级和种级两个水平都表明该地区植物区系以温带性质为主 ,几乎没有热带性质 .其中 ,从属级水平来看 ,北温带成分带有明显优势 ,而从种级水平来看 ,东亚成分占有明显优势 .②区系特点 :绝大多数植物为多年生草本 ,灌木和乔木稀少 ;本区系的特有属在种类上缺乏古老、原始的类型 ,大多数为青藏高原横断山区和唐古特地区所共有 ;高原寒、旱生态环境使得本地区植物区系具有年轻性和衍生性质 ;澜沧江上游植被多为高寒类型 ,具有高寒区系的显著特色 ,植物区系的高山特化作用比较显著 ;澜沧江上游的植物区系由横断山区植物区系和唐古特地区植物区系成分深度融合发展而来 .针对植物物种保护的现状和存在的问题 。

The features of climate in the upper reaches of Lancang River in Sanjiangyuan ar e typically alpine and continental. Scientific survey and identification for pla nt species indicate that the seed plants are made up of 616 species which belong to 242 genera and 59 families in this region. Based on the analysis of the flor istic elements from the level of species, genera and family rank, the results sh ow t hat:①Flora composition: tropicalgenera account for 3.35% of total genera, and t emperate genera represent 90.91%. There are 385 temperate species accounting for 62 .91% of total species, which reveals that the flora is temperate in nature;②Flo ra characteristics: most plants are perennial herbs and rare in woody; the gener a endemic to China is dev oid of the ancient and primitive species, most of them are common to Qing and Tibet Plateau Hengduan Mt. Region and Tanggute Mt. Region, the flora is young and deri vative due to the typically alpine eco-environment; the main vegetation is t ypi cal alpine; the seed plants flora in upstream of Lancang River come from the de ep fusion of Hengduan Mt. Flora and Tanggute Mt. Flora.The rare and endangered species are listed, the effective measures for biodiversity conservation are sug gested for the upstream of Lancang River in Sanjiangyuan national Nature Reserve .